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作者

Keunhyun Park;Alessandro Rigolon;Dong-ah Choi;Torrey Lyons;Simon Brewer

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.60,Issue1,Article 127055

语言

英文

关键字

Green space;Green justice;Environmental inequality;Transit equity;Park accessibility;Public transportation

作者单位

Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Utah State University, 4005 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4005, United States;Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, College of Architecture + Planning, University of Utah, 375 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States;Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, New East Building, CB# 3140 UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3140, United States;Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States;Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Utah State University, 4005 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4005, United States;Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, College of Architecture + Planning, University of Utah, 375 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States;Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, New East Building, CB# 3140 UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3140, United States;Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States

摘要

Large parks—including regional parks, state parks, and national forests and parks—have particular health, social, and environmental benefits. Thus, promoting equal access to large parks is increasingly becoming a goal of environmental justice activists, planners, and policymakers. Disadvantaged populations (e.g., low-income people of color) have worse walking access to large parks than more privileged groups and might rely on public transportation to access such parks. But empirical studies on whether access to large parks via public transit is justly distributed are lacking. In this paper, we examine the relationship between a novel measure of public transit access to large parks (the T2P index) and neighborhood-level disadvantage (income, race/ethnicity, and age). Using network analysis with public transit feed data and park location data, we calculate the T2P index for every census block group in the 15 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the U.S. West. We find some evidence of environmental injustice. A spatial filtering model shows that T2P access increases when a neighborhood has a larger share of non-Hispanic Whites and a smaller share of older adults, but that median household income is not associated with T2P in the entire sample. We also find that some regions present significant environmental injustices in T2P whereas others have fewer to no injustices. Transit agencies and park planners could use our T2P index and findings to prioritize transit investment for disadvantaged populations and promote healthy living.