打印

作者

KaneaEmmaBrighambSanjay R. Arwade

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.54,Issue1,Article 126762

语言

英文

关键字

Climbing;Load time history;Tie-in point

作者单位

Original article"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tit0005"},"_":"The effects of ascent technique and the presence of leaves on loading of a tie-in point during climber ascents"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"vol-first":"54","vol-iss-suppl-text":"Volume 54","userSettings":{"forceAbstract":false,"creditCardPurchaseAllowed":true,"blockFullTextForAnonymousAccess":false,"disableWholeIssueDownload":false,"preventTransactionalAccess":false,"preventDocumentDelivery":true},"contentType":"JL","crossmark":true,"document-references":11,"freeHtmlGiven":false,"hasChorus":false,"ssoUrls":["//acw.evise.com/SSOCore/update?acw=a40f697f7e9aa5429108cd2177da5cadf54dgxrqa%7C%24%7C482BFE8C48C4993519CCE133C10A58F3D6F9A7D2FCC186DD478D102FC34B8FDEE2AC45054FCE7290BB6EC5E3C1270CA792F2609982FA8D203FBA44D1BD4E4F2EB0469A67597464825D387A21AFA2E514&utt=92d433aad8875715f2c5bd2f57e44eb5cab95db","//acw.sciencedirect.com/SSOCore/update?acw=a40f697f7e9aa5429108cd2177da5cadf54dgxrqa%7C%24%7C482BFE8C48C4993519CCE133C10A58F3D6F9A7D2FCC186DD478D102FC34B8FDEE2AC45054FCE7290BB6EC5E3C1270CA792F2609982FA8D203FBA44D1BD4E4F2EB0469A67597464825D387A21AFA2E514&utt=92d433aad8875715f2c5bd2f57e44eb5cab95db","//acw.elsevier.com/SSOCore/update?acw=a40f697f7e9aa5429108cd2177da5cadf54dgxrqa%7C%24%7C482BFE8C48C4993519CCE133C10A58F3D6F9A7D2FCC186DD478D102FC34B8FDEE2AC45054FCE7290BB6EC5E3C1270CA792F2609982FA8D203FBA44D1BD4E4F2EB0469A67597464825D387A21AFA2E514&utt=92d433aad8875715f2c5bd2f57e44eb5cab95db"],"userProfile":{"departmentName":"ScienceDirect Guests","accessType":"GUEST","accountId":"228598","webUserId":"12975512","accountName":"ScienceDirect Guests","departmentId":"291352","userType":"NORMAL","hasMultipleOrganizations":false},"access":{"openAccess":false,"openArchive":false},"aipType":"none","articleEntitlement":{"entitled":false,"isCasaUser":false,"usageInfo":"(12975512,U|291352,D|228598,A|3,P|2,PL)(SDFE,CON|a40f697f7e9aa5429108cd2177da5cadf54dgxrqa,SSO|ANON_GUEST,ACCESS_TYPE)"},"crawlerInformation":{"canCrawlPDFContent":false,"isCrawler":false},"dates":{"Available online":"16 June 2020","Received":"20 November 2019","Revised":["29 May 2020"],"Accepted":"8 June 2020","Publication date":"1 October 2020"},"displayViewFullText":false,"downloadFullIssue":false,"entitlementReason":"unsubscribed","headerConfig":{"helpUrl":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/sciencedirect/","contactUrl":"https://service.elsevier.com/app/contact/supporthub/sciencedirect/","userName":"","userEmail":"","orgName":"ScienceDirect Guests","webUserId":"12975512","libraryBanner":{},"shib_regUrl":"","tick_regUrl":"","recentInstitutions":[],"canActivatePersonalization":false,"hasInstitutionalAssociation":false,"hasMultiOrg":false,"userType":"GUEST","userAnonymity":"ANON_GUEST","allowCart":true,"environment":"prod","cdnAssetsHost":"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com"},"indexTag":true,"isCorpReq":false,"issn":"16188667","issn-primary-formatted":"1618-8667","issRange":"","publication-content":{"noElsevierLogo":false,"imprintPublisher":{"displayName":"Urban & Fischer","id":"507"},"isSpecialIssue":false,"isSampleIssue":false,"transactionsBlocked":false,"publicationOpenAccess":{"oaStatus":"","oaArticleCount":63,"openArchiveStatus":false,"openArchiveArticleCount":0,"openAccessStartDate":"","oaAllowsAuthorPaid":true},"issue-cover":{"attachment":[{"attachment-eid":"1-s2.0-S1618866720X00070-cov200h.gif","file-basename":"cov200h","extension":"gif","filename":"cov200h.gif","ucs-locator":["https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/prod-ucs-content-store-eu-west/content/pii:S1618866720X00070/cover/DOWNSAMPLED200/image/gif/91f4902c07cd56fea76ed4a37cd31fc8/cov200h.gif"],"attachment-type":"IMAGE-COVER-H200","filesize":"11052","pixel-height":"200","pixel-width":"150"},{"attachment-eid":"1-s2.0-S1618866720X00070-cov150h.gif","file-basename":"cov150h","extension":"gif","filename":"cov150h.gif","ucs-locator":["https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/prod-ucs-content-store-eu-west/content/pii:S1618866720X00070/cover/DOWNSAMPLED/image/gif/e85c673ae2b907ee8db42cb4e3accbea/cov150h.gif"],"attachment-type":"IMAGE-COVER-H150","filesize":"7863","pixel-height":"150","pixel-width":"113"}]},"smallCoverUrl":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/S16188667.gif","title":"urban-forestry-and-urban-greening","contentTypeCode":"JL","sourceOpenAccess":false,"publicationCoverImageUrl":"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1618866720X00070-cov150h.gif"},"useEnhancedReader":true,"volRange":"54","titleString":"The effects of ascent technique and the presence of leaves on loading of a tie-in point during climber ascents","shouldShowAmLink":false,"onAbstractAllowlist":true,"renderingMode":"Abstract","isAbstract":true,"isContentVisible":false,"ajaxLinks":{"referredToBy":true,"toc":true,"recommendations":true,"citingArticles":true}},"authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"aug0005"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"aut0005","author-id":"S1618866720305793-d878efa48d15c42f7d95052563fe698f"},"$$":[{"#name":"surname","_":"Brian;Massachusetts Arborists Association Professor, Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 130 Natural Resources Road, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA;Massachusetts Arborists Association Professor, Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 130 Natural Resources Road, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

摘要

The use of throwlines has made it easier for climbers on the ground to set a tie-in point (TIP) near the top of the tree. But doing so may increase the likelihood of TIP failure because smaller branches have less load-bearing capacity and close inspection of the TIP from the ground is difficult. We measured rope tension during climber ascents on stationary rope systems on ten TIPs from two species. The climber ascended using three techniques and we repeated trials when trees were in- and out-of-leaf. From the load time history of each trial, we computed the magnitude and frequency of loading, and we counted the number of peak loads. Ascending with two foot ascenders and a hand ascender induced greater loads than footlocking or using two foot ascenders and gripping the rope by hand, and there were distinct loading frequencies when using two foot ascenders but not footlocking. The presence of leaves was associated with more peak loads, but not when footlocking. The presence of leaves increased the maximum load induced when ascending on foot and hand ascenders, but decreased the maximum load when footlocking. Our results both align with and address important limitations of previous work.