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作者

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.32,P.154-167

语言

英文

关键字

ENVI-met; Heat wave day; Urban human-biometeorology; Urban land use scenarios; Urban planning; OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT; ADAPTATION MEASURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MICROCLIMATE; MITIGATION; SPACES; TREES; SUMMER; INDEX; INFRASTRUCTURE

作者单位

[Lee, Hyunjung] City Stuttgart Off Environm Protect, Sect Urban Climatol, Gaisburgstr 4, D-70182 Stuttgart, Germany. [Mayer, Helmut] Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Chair Environm Meteorol, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. Lee, H (reprint author), City Stuttgart Off Environm Protect, Sect Urban Climatol, Gaisburgstr 4, D-70182 Stuttgart, Germany. E-Mail: Hyunjung.Lee@stuttgart.de

摘要

Based on the ENVI-met model v4.0 BETA, numerical simulations were carried out for five different sized building areas in the city of Stuttgart (Southwest Germany) on the heat wave day 4 August 2003. Human heat stress is primarily quantified by the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Additional background information is provided by both near-surface air temperature (T-a) and mean radiant temperature (T-mrt). The simulations concern five urban land use scenarios. Related to differences of simulation results between a scenario that only consists of asphalt surfaces and a green scenario only showing grasslands and trees, the resulting Delta T-a, Delta T-mrt and Delta PET values are interpreted as maximum extent of human heat stress reduction on the building areas by urban greening. To achieve a higher reliability for urban planning, the results are averaged over the period 10-16 CET. Exemplarily for one building area the results are presented in terms of grid-related absolute values. Besides mean absolute values for each building area whose magnitudes depend on the meteorological conditions of the simulation day, the results include mean relative Delta T-a, Delta T-mrt and Delta PET values. As verified by additional simulations for a current typical summer day, they can be regarded as representative for summer in Central Europe. Averaged over the five building areas mean Delta T-a amounts to 1.1 degrees C (4%), mean Delta T-mrt to 17.6 degrees C (26%) and mean Delta PET to 7.5 degrees C (16%). The results of further simulations point to the increase of human heat stress by the planning variants for the building areas compared to the maximum extent of human heat stress reduction by the green scenario. It reaches 0.4 degrees C (1%) for mean Delta T-a, 4.9 degrees C (9%) for mean Delta T-mrt, and 3.7 degrees C (9%) for mean Delta PET.