Emplacing Risks in the City: Class, Politics, Risk, and the Built Environment of Women's Residential Clubs, 1896-1917

《Emplacing Risks in the City: Class, Politics, Risk, and the Built Environment of Women's Residential Clubs, 1896-1917》

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作者单位: [Bartram, Robin] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. Bartram, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Sociol, 1810 Chicago Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. E-Mail: rbartram@u.northwestern.edu

摘要: Residential clubs for women in Progressive Era urban America offered protection against risks in the city. This article is an investigation into the relationship between perceptions of risk, built environments, class, and political ideology at two such clubs in Chicago. I merge theories of risk with Bourdieu's notions of fields, symbolic violence, and symbolic labor to establish two new concepts: risk ideology and risk emplacement. Risk ideologies are sets of ideas about what and where is dangerous. Risk emplacement is the process through which social actors align risk ideologies with certain places and places with particular risks. I argue that these concepts address a general concern in urban history: how built environments organize populations and how aesthetic concerns are distinct fromyet often work to reproduceclass and political ideologies.