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作者

来源

REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS,Vol.68,P.291-303

语言

英文

关键字

Female labor force participation; Commute times; Spatial patterns; Spatial statistics; Tokyo; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CHILD-CARE; TRAVEL; WORK; EMPLOYMENT; DISTANCE; IMPACT; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS; ASSOCIATION

作者单位

[Kawabata, Mizuki] Keio Univ, Fac Econ, Tokyo 1088345, Japan. [Abe, Yukiko] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Econ & Business, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. Kawabata, M (reprint author), Keio Univ, Fac Econ, Tokyo 1088345, Japan. E-Mail: mizuki@econ.keio.ac.jp

摘要

We explore intra-metropolitan spatial patterns of female labor force participation, and examine how they relate to commute times in Tokyo. The spatial patterns differ markedly by marital status and the presence of children. For married mothers, the spatial clusters of low participation and regular employment rates are largely located in the inner suburbs, many of which overlap with the spatial clusters of long male commute times. The spatial regression results indicate that for married mothers, a longer commute time is significantly associated with lower participation and regular employment rates, while for unmarried and childless married women, these associations are mostly nonsignificant. Among married mothers, the magnitude of the negative associations is greater for college graduates than for those with a high school education or less, suggesting that highly educated mothers are especially sensitive to commute times. We argue that the spatial transportation constraint intensifies the household division of labor, resulting in unique patterns for married mothers.