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作者

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.35,P.72-81

语言

英文

关键字

Enclosure; Immersive virtual environments; Perceived safety; Urban park; Vegetation; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FOREST SETTINGS; STRESS RECOVERY; WOMENS FEAR; URBAN; CRIME; REALITY; PREFERENCE; ENCLOSURE; DANGER

作者单位

[Baran, Perver K.] North Carolina State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Jordan Hall 5106,2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baran, Perver K.] North Carolina State Univ, Coll Design, Jordan Hall 5106,2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tabrizian, Payam] North Carolina State Univ, Coll Design, Brooks Hall,Campus Box 7701, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhai, Yujia] Tongji Univ, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Big Data & Urban Spatial Analyt LAB, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Smith, Jordan W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Inst Outdoor Recreat & Tourism, BNR 289,5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Floyd, Myron F.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism Management, Biltmore Hall 4008C,2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Baran, PK (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Jordan Hall 5106,2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Baran, PK (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Coll Design, Jordan Hall 5106,2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. E-Mail: kperver@ncsu.edu; ptabriz@ncsu.edu; zhai@tongji.edu.cn; jordan.smith@usu.edu; mffloyd@ncsu.edu

摘要

Spatial configuration and physical characteristics of landscape features can strongly influence perceptions of fear and danger. This study examined how situational characteristics, particularly spatial enclosure shaped by surrounding vegetation, are related to perception of safety in a park setting. Study stimuli involved eight 360 degrees immersive virtual environments (IVE) representing low, medium, and high spatial enclosure situations based on the degree of visual and locomotive permeability shaped by the physical arrangement of vegetation. Forty-eight students experienced the IVEs wearing a head mounted display device and then indicated on a 5-point scale how safe they would feel walking alone in that location during the day. Immediately after rating each IVE, participants indicated the main reasons they would feel either safe or unsafe in that particular location. Analysis results indicated that subjects perceived high enclosure environments as significantly less safe than medium and low enclosure environments. In addition to enclosure formed by vegetation, attributes that contributed to perception of safety were presence of non-threatening people and paths. Results indicated that gender differences in perceived safety were significant for the high and medium enclosed environments only. Study findings would allow urban planners and park managers to better understand how the spatial characteristics of existing or planned urban greenspace are likely to influence perceived safety and consequently use patterns and the attainment of social and psychological benefits provided by urban parks. Such an understanding can help generate evidence-based guidelines for improving safety while preserving desired aesthetic and ecological properties of the landscape.