Transit-oriented economic development: The impact of light rail on new business starts in the Phoenix, AZ Region, USA

《Transit-oriented economic development: The impact of light rail on new business starts in the Phoenix, AZ Region, USA》

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关键字: built environment; economic development; entrepreneurship; light rail; Transit-Oriented Development (TOD); AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; VALUES; CITY; METAANALYSIS; WASHINGTON; DETROIT; SPRAWL; GROWTH; METRO

作者单位: [Credit, Kevin] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Credit, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, Geog Bldg,673 Auditorium Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. E-Mail: creditke@msu.edu

摘要: This article examines the impact of Phoenix's light rail system, which opened in 2008, on new firm formation in specific industries. Individual business data from 1990-2014 are used in a quasi-experimental adjusted-interrupted time series (AITS) regression to compare the impact of the transit system's construction on new business starts in treatment' and control' areas before and after the opening of the line. Findings show that the transit adjacency is worth an 88% increase in knowledge sector new starts, a 40% increase in service sector new starts and a 28% increase in retail new starts at the time the system opened, when compared with automobile-accessible control areas. However, the light rail also appears to suffer from a novelty factor'- after the initial increase in new establishment activity in adjacent block groups, the effect diminishes at the rate of 8%, 6% and 7% per year, respectively. The results also provide insight into the spatial extent of light rail impacts to new business formation, with areas 1 mile from stations observing 21% fewer retail new business starts and 12% fewer knowledge sector new starts than areas within a quarter of a mile of stations.