Testing the unsolved problems hypothesis: The evolutionary life issues-mitigating function of nature exposure and its relationship with human well-being

《Testing the unsolved problems hypothesis: The evolutionary life issues-mitigating function of nature exposure and its relationship with human well-being》

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关键字: Contact with nature;Evolutionary mismatch;Unsolved life issues;Psychotic symptoms;Annual income;Reproductive outcomes

作者单位: Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom;The School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia;LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University, Germany;Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy;Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, United Kingdom;The School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia;LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University, Germany;Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy

摘要: Theories regarding the benefits of spending time in natural settings – a growingly crucial topic in a progressively urbanized world – have been developed with varying success, and none could comprehensively illuminate the evolutionary underpinnings of this phenomenon. This paper posits that the alleviation of unsolved life problems by means of unique personal (imaginativeness) and environmental (nature exposure) factors and their synthesis, so as to free up opportunities for other evolutionarily-essential tasks in humans, is posited to be pivotal – the unsolved problems hypothesis. Six hundred participants completed a study testing these assumptions on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Results highlight the relevance of unsolved existential issues in relation to environmental (but not personal or integrative) influences on the majority of well-being indicators (e.g., extent of psychotic symptoms, annual income and procreative outcomes). Findings could initiate new lines of enquiry to unravel the evolutionary mechanism underlying a phenomenon that has huge implications for human functioning and well-being.