打印

作者

来源

ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE,Vol.46,Issue1,P.47-65

语言

英文

关键字

Land use/cover; spatial planning; spatial metrics; self-organising-maps; Portugal; LAND-COVER CHANGES; METROPOLITAN REGION; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; SPRAWL; METRICS; CITIES; GROWTH; INDICATORS; PHOENIX; AREA

作者单位

[Abrantes, Patricia] Univ Porto, Fac Letras, CEGOT, Porto, Portugal. [Rocha, Jorge; da Costa, Eduarda Marques; Gomes, Eduardo; Morgado, Paulo; Costa, Nuno] Univ Lisbon, Inst Geog & Spatial Planning, Lisbon, Portugal. Abrantes, P (reprint author), Univ Porto, Dept Geog, Fac Letters, Via Panoramica S-N, P-4150564 Porto, Portugal. E-Mail: patricia.crmabrantes@gmail.com

标签

城市形态,城市空间 | 其他

摘要

The conceptual and methodological debate on urban form has grown in the last decades to recognize that social, economic, demographic and political processes can contribute to the development of new urban forms, especially those related to urban sprawl, as well as to find alternative methodologies for measuring them. Spatial metrics derived from landscape ecology arise as principal indicators to measure urban form. This paper proposes a typology of the urban occupation of Portuguese municipalities. It uses land use/cover data from 1990 and 2006 to extract built-up areas, and it presents five spatial metrics alongside seventeen statistical indicators from 1991 to 2011 most commonly used in the literature to characterize urban occupation. It uses a self-organising map as a visual tool to identify trends and relationships among variables and to cluster municipalities. Based on the self-organising map's visual clustering, six types of urban occupation of Portuguese municipalities are proposed. In addition, the paper discusses the added value of using indicators that describe both the patterns and the characteristics of the municipalities for making spatial planning decisions in Portugal. The observed results show that spatial metrics are particularly adequate for measuring peri-urban municipalities (urban sprawl areas). These results represent the first multidimensional and systematic analysis of Portuguese urban occupation and they can be the first step in the integration of spatial metrics as indicators that are suitable for the analysis of spatial planning, and also for comparative purposes at a broader geographical scale. 由于认识到社会、经济、人口和政治进程可以促进新的城市形态，特别是与城市扩展有关的城市新形态的发展，以及发现各种衡量这些因素的替代方法，因此，关于城市形态的理念和方法的辩论在过去几十年中有所增加。景观生态学中的空间尺度是衡量城市形态的主要指标。本文提出了葡萄牙的城市职业的一种类型。它使用1990年和2006年的土地利用/占用的数据来推断出已开发的城区，并提出了5个空间指标，连同1991年至2011年的17个统计指标，这些指标在文献中最常用来描述城市职业的形态。它采用一个自组织映射作为可视化工具来识别趋势和变量之间的关系，并将各城市集聚起来。在自组织映射视觉聚类的基础上，本文提出了葡萄牙的六种城市职业类型。此外，本文还讨论了利用各种指标来描述葡萄牙城市空间规划决策的形态和特点的附加价值。观测结果表明，空间尺度对城市边缘(城市扩展区)的测量尤为合适。这些结果是对葡萄牙城市职业状况进行的首次多维和系统的分析，它们可以作为将空间指标作为适合于分析空间规划的指标，并在更广泛的地理范围内进行综合比较的第一步。