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中文标题

多哈的机动化交通与热岛效应：交通对热岛效应的影响

作者

来源

M.S.

语言

英文

关键字

Social sciences , Traffic volume , Urban cool island , Urban heat island

主题语

Urban planning

标签

城市规划,生态城市,城市交通 | 其他

摘要

Doha is a car-oriented city with rapid urban growth and development; one result of this is the replacement of large areas of the local terrain's natural surface with asphalt paving and other building materials. Therefore, as the city and surrounding areas have developed, the local landscape has undergone profound changes. Buildings, roads, and other infrastructure have replaced open land and areas where vegetation once grew. Surfaces that were once permeable and moist have become impermeable and dry. At the same time, Doha has been experiencing rising temperatures associated with the growth of the urban land surface, a change that continues over time as new development occurs. As Doha becomes an increasingly car-oriented city, emissions from cars and asphalt, accompanied by solar radiation, are absorbed by the materials of the local buildings. The net result of all of this is a microclimate that has a negative impact on the environment. Against this background, this study explores the impact of the city's transportation system on its environment. This thesis also explores possible solutions for enhancing the quality of development by reducing the impact of motorized vehicles (most notably cars) on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The first question that will be addressed -- through an examination of the road network and vehicular movement in Doha in relation to the UHI effect -- can be posed as follows: Does the city's traffic contribute to the UHI phenomenon? Furthermore, the use the Remote sensing (ENVI) program and Geographic Information System (GIS) data permits an examination of the relationship between (a) road surface temperature and its outgoing long wave radiation in Doha and (b) traffic volume. The results of this analysis reveal that automobile traffic is a key contributor to heat formation in Doha, especially in the context of traffic jams. The paved surface materials characteristic of urban roads emit a great deal of heat into the city, in part because they cover such a large fraction of the urban surface. It is also found that part of the UHI effect can be attributed to the dark pavements that are often used on streets and parking lots; these also contribute to the heat and emissions generated by cars and traffic jams, in turn worsening the heat island effect and accompanying pollution. This thesis will conclude with recommendations for achieving sustainable development, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life and reducing excessive pressure on the environment in Doha. 多哈是一个城市化快速发展的汽车城市，这种快速发展的结果之一就是当地的大部分天然地表被沥青和其他建筑材料所替代。因此，随着城市和周边地区的发展，当地景观经历了意义深远的变化。建筑物、道路和其他基础设施已经取代了开阔的土地和曾经拥有的植被地区。一度具有渗透和潮湿特性的地表已经变得不透水和干燥。与此同时，多哈一直经历着与城市地表扩展相关的温度上升，随着城市的不断发展，这种变化还将持续下去。随着多哈成为一个日益依赖汽车的城市，汽车排放和太阳对沥青的辐射都被当地建筑物材料所吸收。所有这些的最终结果是造成了对环境具有不利影响的小气候。在此背景下，本文探讨了城市交通系统对其环境的影响。本文还探讨了通过减少机动车辆（尤其是汽车）对城市热岛（UHI）的影响来提高发展质量的可能解决方案。首要解决的问题 - 通过对多哈的道路网络和车辆运动与城市热岛效应的考察 - 可以表述如下：城市的交通是否有助于城市热岛现象？此外，使用遥感（ENVI）计划和地理信息系统（GIS）数据可以考察（a）多哈路面温度和路面发出的长波辐射和（b）交通流量之间的关系。分析结果表明，汽车流量是多哈热量形成的关键因素，特别是在交通拥堵的情况下。城市道路上铺设的地表材料把大量热量散发到城市，部分原因是它们覆盖了城市表面的很大一部分。另外还发现，部分城市热岛效应可归因于街道常常使用的黑色路面和停车场；这也归因于汽车和交通拥堵产生的排放制热，反过来加剧了热岛效应和随之而来的污染。本文以实现可持续发展的建议作为结论，最终目标是改善生活质量并降低对多哈环境的过度压力。