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作者

来源

CITIES,Vol.84,P.83-95

语言

英文

关键字

Congestion; Mobility; Myanmar; Yangon; Urban transport; CONGESTION; LIGHTS; PROXY

作者单位

[Fox, Sean] Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Fox, Sean] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Verrucci, Enrica] UCL, EPICtr, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. Fox, S (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.; Fox, S (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. E-Mail: sean.fox@bristol.ac.uk; e.verrucci@ucl.ac.uk

标签

城市规划,城市交通 | 其他

摘要

The city of Yangon is home to over 5 million people, hosts Myanmar's largest port and produces a disproportionate share of national output. But a mobility crisis is undermining the city's economic potential and contributing to a deteriorating quality of life for its residents. The most obvious symptom of this crisis is acute traffic congestion. The proximate causes are clear: growing demand for journeys, a surge in vehicle numbers, a modal shift away from buses, and myriad 'flow disruptions'. However, solving this mobility crisis requires recognizing the underlying causes, including a 'congestion incentive spiral' fuelled by rapid liberalisation of vehicle imports in a context where there are few viable alternatives to buses and private automobiles. This situation is a direct consequence of systematic failures in urban planning, investment and regulation linked to active neglect from successive military regimes and dysfunctional institutional arrangements. To preserve its rich urban heritage, Yangon will need to embrace 21st century integrated planning practices that seek to maximise accessibility and mobility for all people rather than minimise traffic congestion for those who use cars. 仰光拥有500多万人口，是缅甸最大的港口城市，该市在国民生产总值中具有举足轻重的地位。但一场出行危机正在削弱这座城市的经济潜力，并加剧居民生活质量的恶质化。这场危机最明显的症状是严重的交通堵塞。最直接的原因是显而易见的：民众的出行需求在不断增长，上路的车辆在激增，人们的出行方式正在从公交转向自驾，以及无数的“断头路”。然而，要解决这一出行危机，就必须从根源上找原因，根本的原因在于：在出行方式除了公交车和私家车之外别无选择的情况下，快速放开汽车进口所引发的“刺激拥堵的恶性循环”。出现这种情况是军政府在城市规划、投资和交通治理方面系统性失误的直接后果，也与不正常的机制安排直接相关。为了保护其丰富的城市遗产，仰光将需要接受21世纪的综合规划实践，力求最大限度地保障所有人的出行权，而不是为了那些开车人而最大限度地减少交通拥堵。