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作者

来源

CITIES,Vol.86,P.25-36

语言

英文

关键字

Employment sub-centers; Land-use; CBD; Agglomeration; Heterogeneity; LAND-USE PATTERNS; EMPLOYMENT SUBCENTERS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; POLYCENTRIC CITY; POPULATION; CITIES; PERFORMANCE; SHANGHAI; DISTANCE; DENSITY

作者单位

[Yang, Tianren; Jin, Ying] Univ Cambridge, Dept Architecture, Martin Ctr Architectural & Urban Studies, Cambridge CB2 1PX, England. [Pan, Haozhi; Hewings, Geoffrey] Univ Illinois, Reg Econ Applicat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pan, HZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Reg Econ Applicat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. E-Mail: ty290@cam.ac.uk; hpan8@illinois.edu; hewings@illinois.edu; yj242@cam.ac.uk

标签

城市规划,土地利用 | 美国

摘要

This paper investigates the formation of employment sub-centers from a new perspective of heterogeneity in agglomeration economies. Using highly granular commercial and residential land-use data (2001-2011) in Chicago, we measure how the locations of jobs, population, quality-of-life amenities, and transportation networks shape specific and heterogenous sub-centers. First, the results suggest that the CBD as it was traditionally defined is no longer the primary source of agglomeration externalities for the new economic sectors; sub-centers with sector-specific positive agglomeration externalities have stronger correlations with new commercial establishments. Secondly, residents appear to give the highest weight to quality-of-life amenities in choosing where to live. Both trends imply dis-incentives for CBD agglomeration. These findings connect the heterogeneous production theories with land use planning and urban design, through new empirical insights into how urban sub-centers grow. Furthermore, we put forward a method for forecasting of future sub-center growth through measuring changes in the probability of commercial development, and discuss its practical implications for planning and design in Chicago. 本文从异质性的新视角考察了集聚经济中就业副中心的形成。我们采用芝加哥高度颗粒化的商住用地数据(2001-2011)，测量了就业岗位、人口、生活设施和交通网络的位置是如何形成特定的和异质化的副中心的。首先，研究结果表明，传统意义上的CBD不再是新经济部门区块外部性的主要来源；特定部门正面的集聚外部性的副中心与新建商业机构具有更强的相关性。其次，居民在选择居住地时似乎最看重生活的便利性。这两种趋势都意味着不利于CBD的集聚。这些发现通过对城市副中心如何发展的新实证性洞察将异质生产理论与用地规划和城市设计联系起来。此外，我们提出了一种方法，通过测量商业发展概率的变化来预测未来副中心的增长，我们还讨论了它对芝加哥城市规划和设计的实际意义。