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作者

来源

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION,Vol.85,Issue1,P.24-34

语言

英文

关键字

作者单位

[Arnstein, Sherry R.] HUDs Model Cities Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Arnstein, Sherry R.] Presidents Comittee, Washington, DC USA. [Arnstein, Sherry R.] HEW, New York, NY USA.

标签

城市更新,城市社会学 | 美国

摘要

The heated controversy over "citizen participation," "citizen control," and "maximum feasible involvement of the poor," has been waged largely in terms of exacerbated rhetoric and misleading euphemisms. To encourage a more enlightened dialogue, a typology of citizen participation is offered using examples from three federal social programs: urban renewal, anti-poverty, and Model Cities. The typology, which is designed to be provocative, is arranged in a ladder pattern with each rung corresponding to the extent of citizens' power in determining the plan and/or program.