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作者

来源

URBAN ECOSYSTEMS,Vol.21,Issue4,P.585-598

语言

英文

关键字

Pollination; Floral traits; Partial least squares regression; Urban planning; Impervious areas; Citizen science; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; HYMENOPTERA SPHECIDAE; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; BEES HYMENOPTERA; FORAGING RANGES; URBAN; SCALE; ECOLOGY; APIDAE; POLLINAT

作者单位

[Desaegher, James; Nadot, Sophie; Colas, Bruno] Univ Paris Saclay, Ecol Systemat Evolut, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS,AgroParisTech, F-91400 Orsay, France. [Fontaine, Colin] UPMC, MNHN, Ctr Ecol & Sci Conservat, UMR7204,CNRS, 55 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. Colas, B (reprint author), Univ Paris Saclay, Ecol Systemat Evolut, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS,AgroParisTech, F-91400 Orsay, France. E-Mail: bruno.colas@u-psud.fr

标签

城市规划,生态城市 | 法国

摘要

Through the rapid expansion worldwide of impervious areas and habitat fragmentation, urbanization has strong consequences that must be understood to efficiently manage biodiversity. We studied the effects of urbanization on flower-feeding insects by using data from a citizen science program in the Parisian region. We analysed the occurrence of insects from 46 different families on flowers of different morphologies, using landscape indices in buffer areas from a 100-m to a 4000-m radius around 1194 sampled sites. Our aims were to determine (i) how the proportion of impervious area around sampled sites affected the occurrence of flower-feeding insect families and at which landscape scales impervious area calculations best predicted these occurrences; (ii) the effect of corolla shape variables on insect family occurrences. Twenty-one families were negatively impacted by increasing proportion of impervious areas (urbanophobic) and 3 were positively impacted (urbanophilic). Urbanophobic families were most affected by the proportion of impervious areas when it was estimated within buffers of 200-m to 1400-m radii, depending on the family. Notable losses of urbanophobic families were detected at less than 50% of impervious areas, which highlights the threat to the diversity of flower-feeding insects posed by urban sprawl. Corolla shape variables were the variables most often significantly implicated in the occurrence of insect families. Urbanophobic families were negatively affected by the tubular shape of flowers, and tubular corollas were found more often in urbanized areas. These results suggest that flora management might be a key component for the conservation of insect diversity in cities. 世界各地不透水区域和栖息地破碎化现象快速扩大，这是城镇化进程的重大后果，必须对此加以理解，方能对生物多样性实施有效管理。我们采用了来自巴黎地区一个公民科学项目的数据，研究了城市化对于以花卉为食昆虫的影响。我们采用了1194个采样区周边半径从100米到4000米不等的缓冲区的景观指标，分析了以46科不同形态花卉为食的昆虫的出现率。我们旨在确定：（1）采样区周围的不透水区域比例是如何影响以花卉为食昆虫的出现率的、以及在什么样的景观尺度下不透水区域计算值能最完美地预测上述的出现率；（2）花冠形状变量对于昆虫出现率的影响。不透水区域面积的增加给21科昆虫带来了不利影响、但对另3科昆虫则产生了积极效应（喜城市环境）。在200米至1400米为半径的缓冲区内的评测结果显示，不喜城市环境的昆虫主要受到不透水区域比例的影响，具体依哪一科昆虫而定。不透水区域比例小于50%时，不喜城市环境昆虫出现率的下降相当显著，这表明城市扩张对以花卉为食昆虫的多样性造成了重大威胁。花冠形状变量是昆虫出现率最常出现明显关联的变量。管状花卉对不喜城市环境的昆虫产生不利影响，而管状花冠更常见于已经城市化的区域。上述结果表明，花卉管理可能是保护城市昆虫多样性的一个关键因素。