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作者

来源

CITIES,Vol.72,IssueB,P.226-236

语言

英文

关键字

Participatory governance; Disaster governance; Urban planning; Reconstruction; Shrinking society; Community assets; CITIZEN PARTICIPATION; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; NATURAL DISASTER; GOVERNANCE; EARTHQUAKE; COUNTRIES; LADDER

作者单位

[Aoki, Naomi] Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, 469B Bukit Timah Rd 02-18,Level 2, Singapore 259771, Singapore. Aoki, N (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, 469B Bukit Timah Rd 02-18,Level 2, Singapore 259771, Singapore. E-Mail: sppnma@nus.edu.sg

标签

城市规划,城市更新 | 日本

摘要

Onagawa, a remote rural town in Japan, is on the verge of crisis: its population is aging and shrinking, and this adversity has been even more pronounced since the town was ravaged by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and resulting tsunami. In its struggle to survive and revive, the town has emerged as a gem of participatory governance by instituting a multitude of participatory mechanisms with renewed leadership. This development shows how disasters induced by natural hazards can be a catalyst for progressive democratic change in a rural town like Onagawa, in contrast with earlier findings that disasters adversely affect democratic institutions and values. Onagawa's case also draws scholarly and policy attention to how to sequence and combine different participatory mechanisms in urban planning. Informed by field work, the study modifies an existing theoretical model to systematically highlight Onagawa's participatory mechanisms during the reconstruction planning, including their differences and complementarities. This institutional plurality served multiple purposes, including (i) allowing lay stakeholders to brainstorm a general reconstruction plan, (ii) avoiding the conflation of technical and lay discussions, (iii) reaching out to evacuees who were not able to participate, and (iv) educating citizens on town planning in hopes of nourishing a participatory culture in the long run. 本偏远的乡村小镇稻川正处于危机边缘：人口老龄化并不断减少，自2011年东日本大地震和海啸袭击以来，困境更为明显。在其生存和复兴的斗争中，通过建立多元化的参与机制并重新领导，该镇已成为参与式治理的范本。这一发展表明，自然灾害引发的困境如何成为像稻川一样的乡村小镇走向渐进式民主变革的催化剂，而之前的研究结果表明，灾害对民主制度和价值观产生了不利影响。 稻川的案例也引起了学术界和政界关注如何在城市规划中对不同的参与机制进行排序和组合的思考。通过实地工作，研究修改了现有的理论模型，系统地突出了稻川在重建规划中的参与机制，包括它们的差异和互补性。这种制度多元化有多种用途，包括（i）允许非专业人士集体讨论一般重建计划，（ii）避免技术和非专业讨论的混淆，（iii）接触无法参与的撤离人员，以及（iv）教育居民参与城市规划并寄望长期以后培养出参与式的文化。