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作者

来源

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.179,P.90-102

语言

英文

关键字

Eco-city; Key Performance Indicators; Kitakyushu; Tianjin Eco-city; Asian urbanism; Comparative research; CITY; FUTURE

作者单位

[Lin, Zhongjie] Univ Penn, Sch Design, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lin, Zhongjie] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Sch Architecture, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Lin, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Design, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. E-Mail: zlin1@uncc.edu

标签

城市化,生态城市 | 日本,其他

摘要

The growth of projects translating the concept of eco-city into practices has accelerated during the last fifteen years, making the eco-city a global phenomenon. Asia in particular has witnessed notable developments, characterized by strong governmental intervention and national initiatives to create model eco-cities. In Japan, the central government launched an "Eco-Model Cities" program in 2008 and has designated twenty-three model cities. In China, hundreds of municipalities have pursued plans to become an eco- or low-carbon city following the government's demonstration projects. Across East Asia, the eco-city is promoted as an innovative urban policy capable of advancing the agendas of sustainable urbanization and the realignment of the post-industrial urban economy. This paper compares the policies and strategies of developing eco-cities in Japan and China using Kitakyushu and Tianjin Eco-city as case studies. It examines these cities' common and contrasting approaches to ecological urbanism, their respective technological and urban design strategies, the relationship between eco-city building and local economic development, and the roles played by different stakeholders in this effort. The research focuses on their Key Performance Indicator systems and the spatial qualities they anticipate, which reflect fundamentally different ideas about what societal role an eco-city should best play. The comparative method sheds light on debates around important aspects of planning and managing an eco-city-namely, between new town and retrofit development, between top-down directive and bottom-up force, and between the eco-city as technology and as culture. This paper thus offers critical insight into the changing notions of urbanity within Asian society. 过去15年里，越来越多的项目将生态城市理念应用到实践中，生态城市已经成为了一个全球性现象。特别是在亚洲，生态城市的发展令人瞩目，政府强势干预并推行国家性计划来创建模范生态城市。日本中央政府于2008年发起“生态模范城市”计划，迄今已经命名了23座生态模范城市。中国则有数以百计的城市依照政府的示范项目推行各自的生态或低碳城市规划。生态城市在整个东亚地区已经作为一项创新性的城市政策，能推进可持续城市化进程，并重新调整后工业时代的城市经济。本文通过北九州和天津生态城这两个案例，对比了中日两国在生态城市建设方面的政策与策略。文章研究了这两座城市在开发生态城市方面共同与形成鲜明对照的特点、两城各自的技术和城市设计策略、生态城市建设和本地经济发展之间的联系、以及不同利益相关者在实现这一目标过程中所各自扮演的角色。本研究以北九州和天津的关键绩效指标体系及其对空间质量的预期为重点，这些研究重心反映出对于一座生态城市应当怎样最大限度发挥出社会作用这一命题，双方存在着根本相异的看法。本文所应用的比较研究法阐释了对于生态城市规划和管理重大事务的不同见解，即是建设新城还是实施改造性开发、是通过自上而下的指令还是自下而上的驱动力来推进、以及生态城市的本质是偏向于技术还是文化。本文为亚洲社会都市风格理念的改变提供了重要的深入了解。